Analyses

Generation of diagrams for effective stress, hydrostatic pore water pressure, total stress, horizontal effective stress, and horizontal total stress based on boreholes and idealized soil profiles.

Considering the hinged connection of rigid foundations and piles, the moments acting on the pile cap are taken into account, and load distribution to piles is performed.

At the defined surface target point, interactive immediate and consolidation settlement analyses of shallow and piled foundations are performed.

For immediate and consolidation settlements, sub-layers with desired number and intervals can be defined within soil profiles.

After the analysis, tables are generated showing the effective stress, stress increments, compression, and mechanical properties of the sub-layers.

Consolidation properties of soil layers can be defined for consolidation settlements.

Drained and undrained properties of soil layers can be defined for immediate settlements.

Bearing capacity analyses of the defined shallow foundations are performed using total stress and effective stress approaches.

Terzaghi, Meyerhof, Vesic, and Eurocode 7 methods are used in bearing capacity calculations.

In deep foundation bearing capacity calculations, the α, β, and λ methods are used.

A settlement–time curve is generated for the point where consolidation settlement is calculated.

In the consolidation settlement–time curve, the Terzaghi correction can be applied according to the construction duration.

For circular and polygonal foundations, stress increments are calculated using numerical integration, and settlement analyses are performed.

Liquefaction analysis according to TBDY 2018 is performed, with variations of stresses and safety factors along depth displayed graphically. In addition, liquefaction analyses are carried out for soils improved with rigid inclusions such as reinforced concrete piles, micropiles, deep mixing, jet grouting, and stone columns.

Vertical and horizontal subgrade reaction coefficients are calculated for shallow and deep foundations.

Soil improvement design is performed using the jet grouting method, and bearing capacity and settlements are calculated for jet-grouted systems.

Soil improvement design is performed using the deep mixing method, and bearing capacity and settlements are determined.

Reinforced concrete pile and diaphragm wall analyses are performed. Based on the results, wall displacement checks, injection–soil, tendon–injection, pull-out, and internal stability checks for anchors, structural reinforced concrete calculations for the wall, and overall stability analyses are carried out. In addition, wall sections of all retaining structures can be analyzed and saved.

The program determines the pressures acting on the wall using the dependent pressures method. Applied loads are derived from deformations, allowing the structural behavior to be realistically modeled and enabling cost-effective designs. The analysis accurately simulates the staged construction of the wall, considering the gradual development of deformations and post-tensioning of anchors. The method assumes that the soil or rock surrounding the wall behaves as an elasto-plastic Winkler material. In the elastic range, this behavior is characterized by the horizontal subgrade modulus (kh) and limiting deformations; once these limits are exceeded, the material behaves plastically.

In all construction stages, a numerical analysis model is created. Iterative calculations are performed to determine the pressures acting on the wall, and all steps are solved using the Matrix–Displacement method.

Construction stages compatible with implementation can be defined. In addition, an automatic generation option is available to create all construction stages at once.

Four types of surcharge loads—point, line, strip, and area—can be defined behind the wall. These loads can be modified in all construction stages and multiple loads can be added.

The weight of a defined soil wedge behind the wall is multiplied by the horizontal seismic acceleration coefficient to determine the static equivalent earthquake load acting on the wall. For earth pressures, the dependent pressures method is used. The program offers two types of seismic analysis: calculating earth pressures using seismic earth pressure theories or applying the static equivalent earthquake load directly to the wall. In seismic conditions, earth pressures are evaluated using the Mononobe-Okabe method.

For all construction stages, wall displacements, anchor, nail, and strut forces, as well as wall axial force, moment, and shear force diagrams are obtained and reported.

The program performs all SLS and ULS designs in accordance with the relevant standards, considering factors, reduction coefficients, and displacement limits.

In all construction stages, wall displacement checks are carried out according to the limit values specified in the standards and are fully reported.

Interface failure checks between the grout body and the soil are performed for anchors and soil nails.

Interface failure checks between the tendon and the grout body are performed for steel strand anchors.

In steel pipe struts, design is performed under the effects of axial force, bending moment, and shear force, based on the Regulation on Design, Calculation, and Construction Principles of Steel Structures.

In pile walls, reinforced concrete design is carried out under the effects of axial force and bending in accordance with TS500, and the adequacy of the longitudinal reinforcement is checked.

In pile walls, reinforced concrete design is performed under the effect of shear force in accordance with TS500, and the adequacy of the shear reinforcement is checked.

In diaphragm walls, reinforced concrete calculations are performed for all wall levels with different thicknesses, and the adequacy of both flexural and shear reinforcement is verified.

The stability of slopes and embankments is calculated using limit equilibrium analyses, with safety factors determined by the Oms-Fellenius and Bishop slice methods. Soil layers of any geometry can be defined and included in analyses with either effective or total stresses. In addition, steel strand anchors and soil nails can be integrated into the analysis. Y.A.S.S values can be defined in different geometries, while four types of surcharge loads—point, line, strip, and area—can be added in multiple combinations. All analyses can be reported, and multiple models can be created within a single file.

In slope and embankment analyses, both circular and polygonal slip surfaces can be defined. Additional slip surfaces can be generated from the initial input to perform optimization, and the slip surface with the minimum factor of safety is determined. The optimization process can be visually tracked as an animation during the analysis.

The model in the Retaining Structure Analysis Module can be converted into a slope model to perform external stability analysis.

In slope and embankment models, user-defined materials can be assigned to include retaining walls in the analyses.